Posts Tagged ‘simulation’

Computing the ravages of time

Sunday, November 18th, 2007

Using Algorithms To Tackle Alzheimer’s Disease

by Regina Nuzzo, PhD
Biomedical Computation Review

Fall 2007
Feature Story

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In 1906, at a small medical meeting in Tubingen, Germany, physician Alois Alzheimer gave a now-famous presentation about a puzzling patient. At age 51, Auguste D.’s memory was failing rapidly. Confused and helpless, she was growing inarticulate and fearful of her family, Alzheimer reported. Auguste died four years later.

During the autopsy Alzheimer found dramatic shrinkage in Auguste’s brain, with cells that were already dead and dying at the time of her death — plus two kinds of microscopic deposits that Alzheimer had never seen before. He summed it up in his presentation abstract: “All in all, we are faced obviously with a peculiar disease process.”

Computational Biomechanics: Making Strides Toward Patient Care

Tuesday, February 6th, 2007

by Regina Nuzzo, PhD
Biomedical Computation Review

Winter 2006/07
Feature Story

Walking Skeletons

Walk, run, bend, reach.

The elements of human movement have fascinated research scientists for centuries. To understand how muscles contract and joints flex, researchers have dissected cadavers and experimented with animals. They can describe how bones, muscles, and tendons connect in a complicated geometry; how muscles exert forces on joints; and even how sparks in the brain can trigger a muscle’s contraction.

Meanwhile, and mostly independently, clinicians have been treating people for sports injuries, stroke, and movement diseases such as cerebral palsy and osteoarthritis. Using trial and error, they’ve assessed which rehabilitative strategies and surgical interventions work best.

Until recently, these two perspectives have not been well integrated. Clinical observations might miss the interplay of forces that lead to an injured knee, while static equations regarding the flexion of a dead man’s knee may by themselves be of little help in treating a torn ligament. Researchers were missing the cause-and-effect models that linked the physical forces with the clinical outcomes.